Understanding THC: The Science, the Benefits, and the South African Perspective

No conversation about cannabis is complete without mentioning THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the compound responsible for the plant’s psychoactive effects.

It was Israeli chemist Dr. Raphael Mechoulam, often called the father of cannabis research, who first identified THC as the active ingredient in cannabis in the 1960s. His pioneering work laid the foundation for decades of scientific discovery into how cannabinoids interact with the human body’s endocannabinoid system.

While THC is well known for producing a “high,” it’s also recognised for its therapeutic potential. From pain management to mental health support, research continues to reveal that cannabis is not merely a recreational substance; it’s a complex medicinal plant with many promising properties.

The Balance Between Caution and Curiosity

Dr. Mechoulam himself cautioned that cannabis is “not an innocuous substance” (not harmful or offensive), especially for teenagers and developing brains. However, he also described it as a “medicinal treasure trove waiting to be discovered.”

Around the world, and increasingly here in South Africa, cannabis-derived treatments are being explored for conditions such as glaucoma, PTSD, Crohn’s disease, Parkinson’s, epilepsy, and other chronic illnesses.

8 Lesser-Known Benefits of THC

Medical research continues to explore its potential health applications. Below are eight areas where studies suggest THC may offer therapeutic benefits:

1. Anti-Cancer Potential

Early laboratory studies, such as those from Complutense University in Madrid, indicate that THC may help reduce or inhibit tumour growth in certain types of cancers. While these results are preliminary and based on animal studies, they have inspired ongoing research into THC’s possible anti-cancer and cell-protective effects.

2. Skin Health and Inflammation

THC possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may support skin repair and protection. Cannabis-infused topical products — such as creams and oils with minimal THC — have shown promise in helping to soothe irritation, reduce redness, and support healthy skin barrier function.

3. Weight and Metabolism Support

Interestingly, studies suggest regular cannabis users may have lower body mass indexes (BMI) and reduced risk of diabetes compared to non-users. Research published in The American Journal of Medicine found that THC use was associated with lower fasting insulin levels and improved metabolic indicators; though it’s not a substitute for a healthy diet and exercise.

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4. HIV and Hepatitis Support

THC-based medications, such as Dronabinol, have been prescribed to help manage nausea, appetite loss, and weight reduction associated with HIV treatment. In addition, some studies suggest that moderate cannabis use may help patients undergoing Hepatitis C therapy by improving adherence to medication and reducing inflammation — though more research is still needed.

5. Reducing Opiate Dependency

With global concern over opioid addiction, THC and other cannabinoids are being studied as potential alternatives for pain management. Data from several regions suggest that access to medical cannabis may correlate with lower rates of opioid overdose deaths, offering a possible harm-reduction pathway.

6. Autism Spectrum Support

Clinical trials in Israel have shown that cannabis extracts containing THC and CBD may help reduce aggression, self-harm, and anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorders. While these results are preliminary, they highlight cannabis’s potential role in neurobehavioral therapy under professional supervision.

7. Lung Capacity and Circulation

Some research has shown that moderate cannabis inhalation may improve lung function and circulation, increasing oxygen flow. However, smoking remains a less healthy delivery method, and vaporised or oral products are considered safer alternatives.

8. Mindfulness and Meditation

Historically, cannabis has been used in spiritual and meditative practices across cultures. Certain THC-rich strains may enhance introspection, creativity, and relaxation, promoting a sense of calm and connectedness when used responsibly.

In September 2018, the Constitutional Court delivered a landmark judgment in the case of Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development and Others v Prince.

The Court ruled that the criminalisation of private cannabis use by adults was unconstitutional, as it violated the right to privacy.

Key takeaway for South Africans:

• Adults may possess, cultivate, and use cannabis privately for personal consumption.

• Parliament was tasked with determining how this private use should be legislated in the future.
  

While private use is decriminalised, the sale or public use of THC-containing products remains regulated.

Final Thoughts

THC is far more than just the compound that produces a “high.” It’s a powerful and complex cannabinoid with wide-ranging biological effects that science is only beginning to understand fully.

While THC use requires mindfulness and responsibility, ongoing research is revealing tremendous potential for managing pain, inflammation, mood disorders, and more.

Curious about cannabis wellness in South Africa?

Explore our range of educational articles and cannabis based products on our website.

Stay informed, stay safe, and discover the natural science behind the plant.